ntile

CREATE TABLE salaries
(
    `team` String,
    `player` String,
    `salary` UInt32,
    `position` String
)
Engine = Memory;

INSERT INTO salaries FORMAT Values
    ('Port Elizabeth Barbarians', 'Gary Chen', 195000, 'F'),
    ('New Coreystad Archdukes', 'Charles Juarez', 190000, 'F'),
    ('Port Elizabeth Barbarians', 'Michael Stanley', 150000, 'D'),
    ('New Coreystad Archdukes', 'Scott Harrison', 150000, 'D'),
    ('Port Elizabeth Barbarians', 'Robert George', 195000, 'M'),
    ('South Hampton Seagulls', 'Douglas Benson', 150000, 'M'),
    ('South Hampton Seagulls', 'James Henderson', 140000, 'M');

SELECT player, salary,
       ntile(4) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC, player ASC) AS bucket
FROM salaries;

   ┌─player──────────┬─salary─┬─bucket─┐
1. │ Gary Chen       │ 195000 │      1 │
2. │ Robert George   │ 195000 │      1 │
3. │ Charles Juarez  │ 190000 │      2 │
4. │ Douglas Benson  │ 150000 │      2 │
5. │ Michael Stanley │ 150000 │      3 │
6. │ Scott Harrison  │ 150000 │      3 │
7. │ James Henderson │ 140000 │      4 │
   └─────────────────┴────────┴────────┘